{"id":2854,"date":"2025-08-22T16:41:50","date_gmt":"2025-08-22T16:41:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/?p=2854"},"modified":"2025-08-22T16:50:05","modified_gmt":"2025-08-22T16:50:05","slug":"afetler-insani-degistirir-mi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/2025\/08\/22\/afetler-insani-degistirir-mi\/","title":{"rendered":"AFETLER \u0130NSANI DE\u011e\u0130\u015eT\u0130R\u0130R M\u0130?"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Kabaca ifade edecek olursak; 13.7 milyar y\u0131ll\u0131k evrende, G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi’nin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu ve milyarlarca y\u0131ld\u0131zdan olu\u015fan dev bir sarmal galaksi olan \u201cSamanyolu Galaksisi\u201d i\u00e7erisinde, 4.5 milyar y\u0131ll\u0131k ve ad\u0131na d\u00fcnya dedi\u011fimiz bir toz tanesinin \u00fczerinde ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. Bahsetti\u011fim devasa boyutlar ile uzun zaman dilimleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda insan denilen canl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn hikayesi \u00e7ok yeni ve s\u00fcresi saniyeler kadar k\u0131sa say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u0131sa da olsa insanl\u0131k tarihi var oldu\u011fu g\u00fcnden beri s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fim ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm i\u00e7erisinde olmu\u015ftur. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc medeniyetimizi de bu de\u011fi\u015fime bor\u00e7luyuz. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden bu yana, bulundu\u011fu ortam\u0131 kendi ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u015fekillendiren, d\u00fczenli hale getiren ve medeniyetler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kartan insan s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f hem de de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tarih bize b\u00fct\u00fcn toplumlar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. \u00d6yle ki de\u011fi\u015fim, toplumsal yap\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli sebeplerle d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi sonucunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. O halde, sosyal yap\u0131da zaman i\u00e7erisinde meydana gelen farkl\u0131la\u015fmaya de\u011fi\u015fim diyebildi\u011fimiz gibi sosyolojinin ana konular\u0131ndan biri olan bu meselenin ucu a\u00e7\u0131k bir konu oldu\u011funu da hat\u0131rlatmam\u0131z gerekiyor.<\/strong><\/p>\n

De\u011fi\u015fimi do\u011furan etmenlere bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda; co\u011frafya, n\u00fcfus hareketleri, teknolojik bulu\u015flar, ekonomik sebepler, dini hassasiyetler ile sosyal hareketleri g\u00f6rebiliriz. Bu ba\u015fl\u0131klara sebep\u00a0 olaylar \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitlilik arz etse de biz afetler \u00f6zelinden bu konuyu de\u011ferlendirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z. Yani afetler insanda farkl\u0131la\u015fma yarat\u0131p toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fim sa\u011flayabilir mi? Sorusuna cevap arayaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uzun y\u0131llar boyunca bir\u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcn bu konuyla ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ve ifade etti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri olmu\u015ftur. Bunlardan bir tanesini hat\u0131rlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m. D\u00fcnyadaki ilk de\u011fi\u015fme olgusunu ifade eden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr M\u00d6 540-480 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan filozof Herakleitos\u2019tur. \u201cHer \u015feyin ak\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu\u201d tezini ortaya koyan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcn \u201cPanta rei\u201d felsefesi (her \u015fey gider) temel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcd\u00fcr. Hatta \u00e7ok s\u0131k duydu\u011fumuz \u201cAyn\u0131 \u0131rmakta iki kez y\u0131kanamay\u0131z\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc de bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcre aittir. Bu s\u00f6zle ikinci kez girilen \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n tamamen farkl\u0131 \u0131rmak oldu\u011funu, ak\u0131p giden suyun onu ba\u015fka bir \u0131rmak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve giren ki\u015finin de ilk defa giren ki\u015fi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Herakleitos \u201cDe\u011fi\u015fmeyen tek \u015fey de\u011fi\u015fimin kendisidir” diyerek, de\u011fi\u015fimin hayat\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in \u00f6nemini ve s\u00fcreklili\u011fini vurgularken \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bilim insan\u0131 Albert Einstein “Zekan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc, de\u011fi\u015fim yetene\u011fidir\u201d \u015feklindeki ifadesiyle y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6ncesine selam g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da ifade etti\u011fimiz \u00fczere ge\u00e7mi\u015fimiz \u00e7ok k\u0131sa da olsa, n\u00fcfus tarih\u00e7ilerine g\u00f6re d\u00fcnyada d\u00f6rt demografik devrim ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

-\u0130lki \u00a0400 – 500 bin sene \u00f6nce, insanlar\u0131n ate\u015fi kullanmas\u0131yla ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

-\u0130kincisi milattan \u00f6nce\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 40 ile 35 bin y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck buzul \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n biti\u015fi ve iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131smi iyile\u015fmesi ve besin kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

-\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ise tar\u0131m hayat\u0131na ge\u00e7i\u015f ile birlikte geni\u015fleyen g\u0131da kaynaklar\u0131na ve do\u011fal ko\u015fullara kar\u015f\u0131 olu\u015fan g\u00fcvenlik ortam\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

-D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 demografik\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 devrim 17.-18. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda modern d\u00f6nemin kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7an sanayi devrimi ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.\u00b9<\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ki toplumlar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fimi ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc bir tak\u0131m do\u011fal olaylar ve bulu\u015flar sayesinde meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Bunun sonucunda her toplum kendi dinamikleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ve h\u0131z\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. De\u011fi\u015fim ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm toplumun i\u00e7 dinamikleri ile olabiliyorken bazen d\u0131\u015f etkenler de bu durumu h\u0131zland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her ne kadar toplumlar\u0131 olu\u015fturan ya\u015fl\u0131 n\u00fcfus (muhafazak\u00e2rd\u0131r) de\u011fi\u015fime dirense de gen\u00e7ler (yenilik\u00e7idir) bu s\u00fcreci h\u0131zland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve direnci k\u0131rarak toplumu de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu de\u011fi\u015fimde belirleyici olan pek \u00e7ok fakt\u00f6rden bahsettik. Bunlardan d\u0131\u015f etken olarak sayabilece\u011fimiz afet ve acil durumlar\u0131 kendi \u00f6zelimizden inceleyelim.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Covid-19 vakas\u0131 ile 17 A\u011fustos 1999 depremi ve 6 \u015eubat 2023 tarihli Kahramanmara\u015f depremleri bu anlamda en yak\u0131n tarihli \u00f6rneklerdir. Meydana gelen Van, Elaz\u0131\u011f ve \u0130zmir depremleride bu kapsamda de\u011ferlendirilebilinir. Veya en son ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin hemen her yerinde meydana gelen orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 da fiziki oldu\u011fu kadar duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn d\u00fcnyam\u0131zda de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yaratt\u0131. Bu olaylar ki\u015fi ve toplum olarak bizi derinden sarsm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Do\u011fayla ve ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131m\u0131zla ilgili kendimizi sorgulamam\u0131za neden olurken, temel afet bilinci, sosyal mesafe kavram\u0131, sigorta i\u015f ve i\u015flemleri ile kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm faaliyetlerinin hayat\u0131m\u0131za girmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Depremlerin, sellerin, grizu patlamalar\u0131n\u0131n, f\u0131rt\u0131na, tayfun, tornado, toprak kaymas\u0131, yeralt\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmesi, yang\u0131n vb. do\u011fal afetlerin yan\u0131nda insan kaynakl\u0131 afetlerin en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olan sava\u015flar da yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde biz insanlar aras\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli olagelmi\u015ftir. Ve olmaya da devam edecektir. Yani bir di\u011fer afet t\u00fcr\u00fc olan sava\u015flar ve bunun t\u00fcrevi n\u00fcfus hareketleri de sosyal de\u011fi\u015fimin sebeplerinden birisidir. Burada en yak\u0131n \u00f6rnek Suriye i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131 ile \u0130srail Filistin aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Velhas\u0131l afetler bize maddi ve manevi kay\u0131plar ya\u015fat\u0131r. Ancak bu kay\u0131p ve ac\u0131lar\u0131n bizde b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tecr\u00fcbeyle gelecek nesillere sa\u011flam, g\u00fcvenli ve korkusuzca ya\u015fayabilecekleri ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131 b\u0131rakma k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flar. D\u00f6rt bu\u00e7uk milyar y\u0131ld\u0131r var olan yer k\u00fcrenin \u00fczerinde daha d\u00fcnk\u00fc misafir olan insano\u011flu, i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011fayla uyumlu de\u011fi\u015fim ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmez ve buna uygun bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrmez ise kendi sonunu getirecektir. D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm iyiye do\u011fru olmal\u0131d\u0131r. De\u011fi\u015fim ancak do\u011fan\u0131n ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve sistemine uygun cereyan ederse g\u00fcvenli ve anlaml\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Aksi durum d\u00fczenlili\u011fi karma\u015faya \u00e7evirecektir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Afetlerin insan \u00f6zelinde toplum ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fini, bu de\u011fi\u015fim ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerin kaostan kozmoza do\u011fru olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor, afetsiz g\u00fcnler diliyorum\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00b9)(Anadolu \u00dcniversitesi Ders Notlar\u0131 Toplumsal De\u011fi\u015fme Kuramlar\u0131-18.sayfa)<\/p>\n

*<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00dcSEY\u0130N KANZA<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kabaca ifade edecek olursak; 13.7 milyar y\u0131ll\u0131k evrende, G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi’nin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu ve milyarlarca y\u0131ld\u0131zdan olu\u015fan dev bir sarmal galaksi olan \u201cSamanyolu Galaksisi\u201d i\u00e7erisinde, 4.5 milyar y\u0131ll\u0131k ve ad\u0131na d\u00fcnya dedi\u011fimiz bir toz tanesinin \u00fczerinde ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. Bahsetti\u011fim devasa boyutlar ile uzun zaman dilimleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda insan denilen canl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn hikayesi \u00e7ok yeni ve s\u00fcresi saniyeler kadar […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2855,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,10,4,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2854","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-balikesir","category-bursa","category-dunya","category-istanbul"],"views":880,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2854","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2854"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2854\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2857,"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2854\/revisions\/2857"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2855"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2854"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2854"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2854"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}