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\u00a0<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n Amerikal\u0131 hekim Samuel A. Cartwright’\u0131n\u00a01851’de k\u00f6lele\u015ftirilmi\u015f Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n esaretten ka\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni olarak \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131d\u0131r Drapetomania. Bir\u00e7o\u011fumuzun ad\u0131n\u0131 dahi duymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu hastal\u0131k 19. y\u00fcz y\u0131l Amerika\u2019s\u0131nda sadece tarlalarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan siyah k\u00f6lelerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Hastal\u0131k belirtisini, k\u00f6lenin tarladan ka\u00e7maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla belli ediyordu. E\u011fer bir k\u00f6le, sahibinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorunda oldu\u011fu tarlas\u0131ndan ka\u00e7maya kalkarsa, ona Drapetomania te\u015fhisi konuyor ve tedavi ediliyordu. Bu tedavi ise hasta(!) k\u00f6lenin, her iki aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fparmaklar\u0131n\u0131n kesilmesi olarak uygulan\u0131yordu. Tabi ki ba\u015fparmaklar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u00f6le tarladan ka\u00e7maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yordu. Yani k\u00f6lenin hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 tedavi edilmi\u015f, ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015f oluyordu!<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n \u201c\u0130yi davran\u0131l\u0131rsa, yeterli yiyecek, giyecek ve yakacak odun verilirse, her aileye kalabilecekleri bir ev sa\u011flan\u0131rsa, geceleri ortal\u0131kta dola\u015fmalar\u0131na,\u00a0<\/em>i\u00e7ki<\/em>\u00a0i\u00e7melerine izin verilmez, birbirlerini ziyaret etmeleri s\u0131n\u0131rlan\u0131r, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmazsa k\u00f6lelerin y\u00f6netilmeleri son derece kolay olur, t\u0131pk\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ba\u015fka yerlerindeki di\u011fer insanlar\u00a0<\/em>gibi<\/em>! Ama bu \u201cnormal\u201d \u015fartlarda k\u00f6lelerin ka\u00e7ma iste\u011fi duymamas\u0131 gerekir.\u00a0Yine de ka\u00e7ma iste\u011fi duyuyorlarsa bu art\u0131k\u00a0drapetomania\u2019d\u0131r.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki yerle\u015fik d\u00fczenin daha klasik bir durumu de\u011fil mi? A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 hepimiz belirli s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7erisinde ya\u015f\u0131yor, \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor, \u00e7abal\u0131yor emeklerimizin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 almak ve bunun ya\u015fant\u0131m\u0131za yans\u0131malar\u0131n\u0131 hayal ediyoruz. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc kapitalist sistem bizi insan de\u011fil, \u201ct\u00fcketici\u201d veya \u201cm\u00fc\u015fteri \u201cgibi g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc sistemini devam ettirmek i\u00e7in elinden geleni ard\u0131na koymaz. Sadece k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde \u00f6zg\u00fcr oldu\u011funu fark edenlerin yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n(!), tedavi edilme metotlar\u0131 da g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ayg\u0131tlar\u0131yla \u00e7ok farl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tezah\u00fcr etmektedir.<\/strong><\/p>\n Ama ge\u00e7erli ve h\u00e2kim olan \u015fudur ki; “\u0130yi davran\u0131l\u0131rsa, yeterli yiyecek, giyecek ve yakacak odun verilirse, her aileye kalabilece\u011fi bir ev sa\u011flan\u0131rsa…” k\u00f6le olarak kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi me\u015frula\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir realitedir. Ve Drapetomania hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hangi y\u00fczy\u0131lda olursa olsun kendini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye devam etti\u011fini ama k\u00f6le sahiplerinin bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nleme ad\u0131na bir\u00e7ok ge\u00e7erli arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bunlar\u0131 ifade etti\u011finizde de ayk\u0131r\u0131 veya hasta say\u0131l\u0131yorsunuz.<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n Bir \u015eaman \u00f6\u011fretisi \u015f\u00f6yle der:<\/strong><\/p>\n \n Do\u011fada hi\u00e7bir \u015fey kendisi i\u00e7in ya\u015famaz.<\/strong><\/p>\n Nehirler kendi suyunu i\u00e7emez.<\/strong><\/p>\n A\u011fa\u00e7lar kendi meyvelerini yiyemez.<\/strong><\/p>\n G\u00fcne\u015f kendisi i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131tmaz.<\/strong><\/p>\n Ay kendisi i\u00e7in parlamaz.<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c7i\u00e7ekler kendileri i\u00e7in kokmaz.<\/strong><\/p>\n Toprak kendisi i\u00e7in do\u011furmaz.<\/strong><\/p>\n R\u00fczg\u00e2r kendisi i\u00e7in esmez.<\/strong><\/p>\n Bulutlar kendi ya\u011fmurlar\u0131ndan \u0131slanmaz.<\/strong><\/p>\n \n Do\u011fan\u0131n anayasas\u0131nda ilk madde \u015fudur:<\/strong><\/p>\n Her \u015fey birbiri i\u00e7in ya\u015far!<\/strong><\/p>\n Birbiri i\u00e7in ya\u015famak, do\u011fan\u0131n kanunudur…<\/strong><\/p>\n Eski \u00e7a\u011flarda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan bir anlay\u0131\u015ft\u0131 bu. B\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anlat\u0131rd\u0131, \u00f6z\u00fc iki c\u00fcmleydi:<\/strong><\/p>\n “Ben, biz oldu\u011fumuz zaman ben olurum. Ben, ben oldu\u011fum i\u00e7in sen, sensin.”<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n Ekonomik sistemi k\u00f6lelik ve e\u015fitsizlik \u00fczerine kurulu \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 bir toplumda, mevcut d\u00fczen devam\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00fcretilen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerin, insani olmas\u0131 tabi ki beklenemez. \u00dcstelik toplumdaki g\u00fc\u00e7 ili\u015fkilerinin sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, iktidar ve menfaat kayb\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi i\u00e7in, insan\u0131n kendi neslinden beslenmesi, her zaman olagelmi\u015f bir insan kaynakl\u0131 afet olarak ya\u015fanmaya devam etmektedir.<\/strong><\/p>\n Art\u0131k \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda \u201cYeni \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k\u201d kavram\u0131 kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yeni \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kta biyoloji ve \u0131rk yerine k\u00fclt\u00fcrel farklar merkeze al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yeni \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015fta, \u201cbiyolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131l\u0131k\u201d de\u011fil, \u201ck\u00fclt\u00fcrel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u201d \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu anlay\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6re, bir toplumda veya toplumlar aras\u0131nda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131l\u0131k ya da \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck iddialar\u0131 h\u00e2kim k\u00fclt\u00fcre g\u00f6re belirlenmektedir. Asimilasyon ve \u00f6tekile\u015ftirme yeni \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n sonucu olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir.<\/strong><\/p>\n K\u00fclt\u00fcrel farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n politik yans\u0131malar\u0131 da bug\u00fcn ya\u015fan\u0131lan bir hadisedir. Az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131, ulusal ve etnik gruplar\u0131 h\u00e2kim k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve toplumdan izole etme, ayr\u0131mc\u0131 ve gizli bir tutum d\u00f6nemimizin \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak ya\u015fam\u0131na devam etmektedir. D\u00fcnk\u00fc biyolojik tabiat \u00fczerine kurulu \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yerini k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc vurgulayan bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n Yar\u0131n hangi \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 getirir bilinmez ama insan\u0131n kendi nesline uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131, insan olman\u0131n \u015ferefine hi\u00e7bir \u00e7a\u011fda yak\u0131\u015fmayan bu durumun, insanl\u0131k gelece\u011finde de devam edece\u011fi, \u015feklinin ve zeminin farkl\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131 ama bitmeyece\u011fi, \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc verici bir durum olarak g\u00f6z\u00fckmektedir.<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Temel hak olan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn kay\u0131ts\u0131z \u015farts\u0131z, e\u015fit ve adil bir ortamda ya\u015fan\u0131labilmesi \u00fcmidi ve afetsiz g\u00fcnler dile\u011fiyle\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u00a0 Amerikal\u0131 hekim Samuel A. Cartwright’\u0131n\u00a01851’de k\u00f6lele\u015ftirilmi\u015f Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n esaretten ka\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni olarak \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131d\u0131r Drapetomania. Bir\u00e7o\u011fumuzun ad\u0131n\u0131 dahi duymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu hastal\u0131k 19. y\u00fcz y\u0131l Amerika\u2019s\u0131nda sadece tarlalarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan siyah k\u00f6lelerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Hastal\u0131k belirtisini, k\u00f6lenin tarladan ka\u00e7maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla belli ediyordu. E\u011fer bir k\u00f6le, sahibinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorunda oldu\u011fu tarlas\u0131ndan ka\u00e7maya kalkarsa, ona Drapetomania […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3020,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,10,4,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3019","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-balikesir","category-bursa","category-dunya","category-istanbul"],"views":697,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3019","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3019"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3019\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3021,"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3019\/revisions\/3021"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3020"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3019"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3019"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3019"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}