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Tarihte T\u00fcrkiye tabirine ilk defa Bizans kayna\u011f\u0131 Menandros\u2019ta Turkhia, Turkia<\/strong> \u015feklinde rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Orta Asya\u2019da VI. as\u0131rda, \u0130til\u2019den Orta Avrupa\u2019 ya kadar olan b\u00f6lgede IX-X. as\u0131rda T\u00fcrkiye<\/strong> olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. XIII. as\u0131rda Suriye ile M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a, XII. as\u0131rdan itibaren Anadolu\u2019ya T\u00fcrkiye denilmi\u015ftir. (A. Ahmetbeyo\u011flu, Orta Asya T\u00fcrk Tarihi, s.5)<\/p>\n Co\u011frafya:<\/u><\/em><\/strong> Eski Yunancada geo (yer) ve graphien (yazmak) kelimelerinden t\u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. Yerin tan\u0131m\u0131\/yaz\u0131m\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. \u201c\u0130nsan ve mek\u00e2n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 etkile\u015fimini ara\u015ft\u0131ran\u201d<\/strong> bir bilimdir. Hal b\u00f6yle olunca tarih ve co\u011frafya ayr\u0131lamaz bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc tarihte meydana gelmi\u015f t\u00fcm olaylar\u0131n bir mek\u00e2n\u0131 vard\u0131r ve bu olaylar\u0131n bu mekanlarda ge\u00e7ti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde; tarih-co\u011frafya ili\u015fkisinin ne denli i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f oldu\u011fu daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r. \u00d6yle ki \u00e7o\u011fu zaman tarihi olaylar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131nda co\u011frafi \u015fartlar \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck etken olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Ge\u00e7mi\u015fe bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n genellikle deniz sahilleri, nehir ve g\u00f6llerin \u00e7evresi ile bereketli topraklarda hayat buldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Topluluklar i\u00e7in ilk \u00f6ncelik her zaman g\u00fcvenlik, bar\u0131nma ve beslenme olmu\u015ftur. Bu ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabildikleri mekanlar\u0131 yurt edinen, vatan olarak i\u00e7selle\u015ftiren insanlar, bu mekanlarda \u015fehirler kurmu\u015f ve b\u00fcy\u00fck uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n temellerini atm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Mezopotamya uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ana sebebi F\u0131rat ve Dicle nehirleriyken, M\u0131s\u0131r uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Nil nehrine bor\u00e7ludur.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye diye adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ve \u00fczerinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z verimli Anadolu topraklar\u0131nda da bu anlamda bir\u00e7ok topluluk ne\u015fet etmi\u015f ve \u00fclkemiz uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n be\u015fi\u011fi olmu\u015ftur. Pagan inan\u00e7lar\u0131n, tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 semavi dinlerin ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn ye\u015ferdi\u011fi, insanl\u0131k tarihindeki ilklerin, mitlerin, kavga ve bar\u0131\u015flar\u0131n harmanland\u0131\u011f\u0131, toplumlar\u0131n resmige\u00e7it yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131, felsefenin do\u011fdu\u011fu, devletlerin \u00f6l\u00fcp tekrar dirildi\u011fi \u00e7ok m\u00fcstesna bir co\u011frafyad\u0131r Anadolu. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011fa bir\u00e7ok ilki ya\u015fatan, yaz\u0131y\u0131 ilk kullanan uygarl\u0131k S\u00fcmerlerin vatan\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lk hukuk devleti, ilk yaz\u0131l\u0131 hukuk kurallar\u0131 ve tekerle\u011fin icad\u0131n\u0131n yeridir. Tarihteki ilk yaz\u0131l\u0131 anla\u015fma olan \u201cKade\u015f\u201d anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yapan Hititler\u2019in yurdudur. Frigler\u2019in Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Kibele\u2019 nin topraklar\u0131, Midas\u2019\u0131n mezar\u0131d\u0131r. Paray\u0131 ilk bulan ve kullanan, antik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n bilinen en zengin insan\u0131, Lidya kral\u0131 Karun\u2019un memleketidir. Hurriler, Urartular, \u0130yonlar, Akadlar, Asurlular, Persler, Bizansl\u0131lar, Romal\u0131lar ve \u0130skender \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019 nun da topraklar\u0131d\u0131r Anadolu. Velhas\u0131l bug\u00fcn \u00fczerinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z arz kabu\u011funun bu b\u00f6lgesi, milyonlarca canl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fidi i\u00e7inde insano\u011flunun ya\u015fam\u0131na da tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmi\u015f zengin bir co\u011frafyad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu zeminle s\u00fcrekli etkile\u015fimdeki insan, co\u011frafyan\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 huzuru ya\u015fay\u0131p, nimetlerden yararlan\u0131rken, baz\u0131 zamanda ac\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fiyle y\u00fczle\u015fmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6yle ki sakinlerine maddi ve manevi kay\u0131p veren, ac\u0131lar ya\u015fatan felaket alanlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilmi\u015ftir. Bu etkile\u015fim co\u011frafya sakinlerinin ya\u015fam\u0131na s\u00fcrekli e\u015flik etmi\u015f, hayat\u0131n\u0131 idame etmeye, neslini devam ettirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan insan\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131, i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu co\u011frafi ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Bug\u00fcn, ge\u00e7mi\u015fimizin \u00e7ok yak\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 bilebiliyoruz. \u00d6rne\u011fin Mezopotamya g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden yakla\u015f\u0131k on bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce atalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n avc\u0131-toplay\u0131c\u0131 ya\u015famdan yerle\u015fik ya\u015fama ge\u00e7i\u015finin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 yeri olarak bilinmekteyken, Urfa G\u00f6beklitepe\u2019nin ke\u015ffi bu s\u00fcreyi daha da geriye iten bir tarihi devrimin mek\u00e2n\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Anadolu bu kadar de\u011ferli ve \u00f6nemli ge\u00e7mi\u015fi ba\u011fr\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131rken, bir\u00e7ok filozofa ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f ve onlar\u0131n hikayelerine de kaynakl\u0131k etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Bir Y\u00fcz\u00fck Hikayesi\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Platon\u2019un ‘Devlet’ adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda bir hikaye bunlardan sadece bir tanesidir. Bu eserde anlat\u0131lan \u201cy\u00fcz\u00fck\u201d hikayesine g\u00f6re; “Gyges\u201d Lidya kral\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7obanlar\u0131ndan birisidir. Deprem hi\u00e7 eksik olmayan Ege b\u00f6lgesinde g\u00fcn\u00fcn birinde yine bir deprem meydana gelir ve hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131 otlatan \u00e7oban\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yer \u00e7atlayarak bir yar\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Gyges merakl\u0131d\u0131r ve bu merak\u0131na yenik d\u00fc\u015fer, yar\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7ine iner ve orada alt\u0131n bir y\u00fcz\u00fck bulur.<\/p>\n Gel zaman git zaman kral b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7obanlar\u0131 toplant\u0131ya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r. Bu toplant\u0131ya parma\u011f\u0131ndaki y\u00fcz\u00fckle kat\u0131lan Gyges fark\u0131na varmadan y\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131 avucunun i\u00e7ine \u00e7evirir. Bunu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda \u201cg\u00f6r\u00fcnmez\u201d<\/strong> olur. Kendisi kadar orada bulunanlar da \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k i\u00e7erisinde kal\u0131rlar. Y\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evirince tekrar g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr olan Gyges, b\u00f6ylece y\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn t\u0131ls\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetmi\u015f olur.<\/p>\n Hikayeye g\u00f6re kahraman\u0131m\u0131z bir plan yapar; y\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn sayesinde g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez olarak saraya girer ve krali\u00e7eyi ba\u015ftan \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131r. Krali\u00e7enin yard\u0131m\u0131yla kral\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrerek kral\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7er. Yani y\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn sayesinde \u00e7oban\u0131m\u0131z kral olur.<\/p>\n Asl\u0131nda bu hikaye insan do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 anlatan; tabiat\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan insan\u0131n tabiat kaynakl\u0131 bir g\u00fcc\u00fc eline ge\u00e7irdi\u011finde, diledi\u011fini yapabilme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahip olman\u0131n verdi\u011fi avantaj\u0131 nas\u0131l ahlaks\u0131zca kullanabilece\u011fini ortaya koyan bir mittir. Kald\u0131 ki fark\u0131na var\u0131lmadan, yakalanma korkusu olmadan, ceza almayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilerek yap\u0131lan ahlak d\u0131\u015f\u0131 eylemlerin sonucunda karl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yorsan\u0131z, su\u00e7luluk duygusu ve pi\u015fmanl\u0131k duyman\u0131za da gerek kalmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Tam da bu durumla alakal\u0131 olarak Devlet isimli eserinin 359 ve 360. Sayfalar\u0131nda Platon; \u201cHaks\u0131zl\u0131ktan \u015fikayet edenler, haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011frayanlard\u0131r. E\u011fer g\u00fc\u00e7leri yetseydi, haks\u0131zl\u0131k etmek f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 bulan herkes haks\u0131zl\u0131k ederdi\u201d<\/strong> diye yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Platon, 1982). Bu s\u00f6zler asl\u0131nda insan\u0131n a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn, kendisinde olanla yetinmeyip hep fazlas\u0131n\u0131 isteme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve ahlaks\u0131z tabiat\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015fa vurumudur. Burada \u015fu soru akl\u0131m\u0131za gelebilir: \u201cYakalanmamak\u201d<\/strong> \u00fczerine kurgulanm\u0131\u015f bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn sahibi hemcinsimiz, do\u011faya ve kendi nesline kar\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 haks\u0131zl\u0131k ve ahlaks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hangi g\u00fc\u00e7le dengeleyecektir?<\/p>\n Horner Westacott\u2019\u0131n\u00a0\u201cKimse mecbur olmasa, ahlakl\u0131 davranmaz!<\/strong>\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc tam da burada devreye giriyor (HORNER; WESTACOTT, 2001).\u00a0 Bizi d\u00fcr\u00fcst\u00a0olmaya mecbur k\u0131lacak, g\u00fcc\u00fc elinde bulunduranlar\u0131n adil davranmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak ve toplumun huzuru i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcy\u00fc yani adaleti sa\u011flayacak yeg\u00e2ne \u015feydir ahlak. \u00a0Ahlak,\u00a0sahip oldu\u011fumuz her \u015feye bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc ve d\u00fczen getirir. Ahlak\u0131n hak ve adalete b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f somut hali\u00a0kanunlard\u0131r. Kanunlar ahlakl\u0131 oldu\u011funda, hak ve adaletin\u00a0s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7izilmi\u015f\u00a0olur. Toplum i\u00e7in devlet, devlet i\u00e7in de kanun her zaman kay\u0131ts\u0131z ve \u015farts\u0131z gerekli olan yeg\u00e2ne unsurdur. Platon\u2019un ideal devletinin var olma amac\u0131da burada ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bir depremle ba\u015flay\u0131p, y\u00fcz\u00fckle devam ederek devlete ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu hikayeyi ve bu yarg\u0131y\u0131 neden yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 merak etmi\u015f olabilirsiniz. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verece\u011fimiz afet bilgilerinden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere bu co\u011frafya bizi belli zaman aral\u0131klar\u0131nda olsa da s\u00fcrekli \u00fczmektedir. \u201cT\u00fcrkiye bir afet \u00fclkesidir<\/strong>\u201d c\u00fcmlesinin do\u011fumuna sebep bu durum asl\u0131nda yakalanmadan <\/strong>yap\u0131lan yolsuzluk ve ahlaks\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n sonucu gibi g\u00f6z\u00fckmektedir. Kald\u0131 ki T\u00fcrkiye bir afet \u00fclkesi de\u011fil deprem \u00fclkesidir<\/strong>! Depremin olmas\u0131 do\u011fal bir olayd\u0131r ancak afete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi \u201cdo\u011fal\u201d <\/strong>de\u011fildir!<\/p>\n Yani T\u00fcrkiye co\u011frafyas\u0131nda meydana gelen do\u011fa olaylar\u0131n\u0131n afete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesinde, afet \u00fclkesi unvan\u0131n\u0131n bize yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck sebep co\u011frafyam\u0131z de\u011fildir. Bu co\u011frafyan\u0131n \u00fczerinde ya\u015fayan topluluklar\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131 ve ya\u015fama bi\u00e7imleridir. Do\u011fan\u0131n bize hediye etti\u011fi y\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ne tarafa \u00e7evirece\u011fimiz kendi irademiz i\u00e7erisindedir. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr olmak, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr kalmak veya g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez olup g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez kalmak! Hamlet oyununda oldu\u011fu \u00fczere,\u00a0\u201c\u0130\u015fte b\u00fct\u00fcn mesele bu!\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n Afetsiz g\u00fcnler dile\u011fiyle\u2026<\/p>\n *<\/p>\n H\u00dcSEY\u0130N KANZA<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Tarihte T\u00fcrkiye tabirine ilk defa Bizans kayna\u011f\u0131 Menandros\u2019ta Turkhia, Turkia \u015feklinde rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Orta Asya\u2019da VI. as\u0131rda, \u0130til\u2019den Orta Avrupa\u2019 ya kadar olan b\u00f6lgede IX-X. as\u0131rda T\u00fcrkiye olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. XIII. as\u0131rda Suriye ile M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a, XII. as\u0131rdan itibaren Anadolu\u2019ya T\u00fcrkiye denilmi\u015ftir. (A. Ahmetbeyo\u011flu, Orta Asya T\u00fcrk Tarihi, s.5) Co\u011frafya: Eski Yunancada geo (yer) ve graphien (yazmak) kelimelerinden […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3877,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,8,36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3876","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bursa","category-istanbul","category-yazar"],"views":600,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3876","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3876"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3876\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3879,"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3876\/revisions\/3879"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3877"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3876"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3876"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marmarahabermerkezi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3876"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}